Serum concentration of vitamin A and its relationship with body adiposity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular risk in women with recommended dietary intake of vitamin A / Concentración sérica de vitamina A y su relación con la adiposidad corporal, el estrés oxidativo y los riesgos cardiovasculares en mujeres con ingesta dietética recomendada de vitamina A

BACKGROUND: evidence indicates a role of vitamin A in the regulation of fat mass influencing obesity and cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a cross-sectional study in 200 women, paired by age and by the recommended dietary intake of vitamin A. Subjects were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI): 80 eutrophic (E), 40 overweight (OW), 40 class I obesity (OI) and 40 class II obesity (OII). Lipid and glycemic profiles were measured and oxidative stress was evaluated through serum concentrations of uric acid, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS: the cutoff points for deficiency of serum retinol and β-carotene levels were < 1.05 μmol/L and 40 μg/dL, respectively. For the recommended dietary intake of vitamin A it was 700 μg/day. Retinol and β-carotene deficiency was found in the E group at 5 % and 15 %, respectively, reaching 77.5 % and 82.5 % in the OII group. CONCLUSIONS: a correlation was observed between serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene and glycemic, lipid, and markers of oxidative stress profiles in the groups studied. It was observed that OI and OII subjects who had retinol and β-carotene deficiency presented a risk that was 16 and 20.7 times greater, respectively, of having a diagnosis with DM2 as compared to E subjects with adequate concentrations of vitamin A. Increased demand of vitamin A may be related to increased BMI, body adiposity, and oxidative stress even when a recommended intake of vitamin A is reached

INTRODUCCIÓN: la evidencia indica un papel de la vitamina A en la regulación de la masa grasa que influye en la obesidad y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal con 200 mujeres emparejadas por edad y por la ingesta dietética de vitamina A recomendada. Se dividieron en cuatro grupos según el índice de masa corporal (IMC): 80 eutróficas (E), 40 con sobrepeso (OW), 40 con obesidad de clase I (OI) y 40 con obesidad de clase II (OII). Se midieron los perfiles lipídicos y glucémicos y se evaluó el estrés oxidativo a través de las concentraciones séricas de ácido úrico, glutatión-peroxidasa (GSH-Px) y sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). RESULTADOS: los puntos de corte para la deficiencia de las concentraciones séricas de retinol y caroteno fueron de 1,05 μmol/L y 40 g/dL, respectivamente. Para la ingesta dietética recomendada de vitamina A fue de 700 g/día. Se encontró deficiencia de retinol y caroteno en el grupo E, del 5 % y 15 %, respectivamente, alcanzando un 77,5 % y 82,5 % en el grupo OII. CONCLUSIONES: se observó correlación entre las concentraciones séricas de retinol y caroteno y los perfiles glucémico, lipídico y de marcadores de perfiles de estrés oxidativo en los grupos estudiados. Se observó que los sujetos con OI y OII que tenían deficiencia de retinol y caroteno presentaban un riesgo 16 y 20,7 veces mayor, respectivamente, de ser diagnosticados de DM2 en comparación con los E con concentraciones adecuadas de vitamina A. El aumento de la demanda de vitamina A puede estar relacionado con el aumento del IMC, la adiposidad corporal y el estrés oxidativo, incluso cuando se alcanza la ingesta recomendada de vitamina A

Vitamin A deficiency is associated with body mass index and body adiposity in women with recommended intake of vitamin A.

INTRODUCTION: evidence indicates that vitamin A is involved in regulating fat mass. A low consumption of vitamin A has been reported in individuals with obesity, as have lower concentrations of this vitamin, than in eutrophic individuals when their dietary intake of vitamin A is not significantly different. OBJECTIVE: to investigate vitamin A nutritional status and its association with body mass index (BMI) and body fat in women who have the recommended dietary intake of vitamin A. METHODS: cross-sectional study with 200 women, paired by age and by the dietary intake of vitamin A recommended. Participants were divided into four groups, according to BMI. Anthropometric data were evaluated (weight, BMI and waist circumference [WC]), as well as the diagnosis of night blindness (NB). Lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. The cut-off points for deficiency of serum concentrations of retinol and ß-carotene were < 1.05 µmol/l and 40 µg/dl, respectively. The recommended dietary intake of vitamin A was 700 µg/day. RESULTS: there was a significant drop in retinol concentrations according to BMI (p < 0.001) and WC (p < 0.001). We found ß-carotene to behave similarly (p = 0.005; p < 0.001). We found NB in 7.5% of overweight (OW) cases and 20.0% of obesity class II (OII), and no functional alteration was found in the eutrophic group (EU). Inadequate levels of retinol and ß-carotene increased the odds ratio for the occurrence of OW, obesity class I (OI) and OII, as well as inadequate WC. CONCLUSION: even with recommended intake of vitamin A, we found a biochemical and functional inadequacy of vitamin A nutritional status,associated with overweight, obesity and body adiposity.

Vitamin A deficiency is associated with body mass index and body adiposity in women with recommended intake of vitamin A / La deficiencia de vitamina A se asocia con el índice de masa corporal y la adiposidad corporal en mujeres con ingesta recomendada de vitamina A

Introduction: evidence indicates that vitamin A is involved in regulating fat mass. A low consumption of vitamin A has been reported in individuals with obesity, as have lower concentrations of this vitamin, than in eutrophic individuals when their dietary intake of vitamin A is not significantly different. Objective: to investigate vitamin A nutritional status and its association with body mass index (BMI) and body fat in women who have the recommended dietary intake of vitamin A. Methods: cross-sectional study with 200 women, paired by age and by the dietary intake of vitamin A recommended. Participants were divided into four groups, according to BMI. Anthropometric data were evaluated (weight, BMI and waist circumference [WC]), as well as the diagnosis of night blindness (NB). Lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. The cut-off points for deficiency of serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene were < 1.05 μmol/l and 40 μg/dl, respectively. The recommended dietary intake of vitamin A was 700 μg/day. Results: there was a significant drop in retinol concentrations according to BMI (p < 0.001) and WC (p < 0.001). We found β-carotene to behave similarly (p = 0.005; p < 0.001). We found NB in 7.5% of overweight (OW) cases and 20.0% of obesity class II (OII), and no functional alteration was found in the eutrophic group (EU). Inadequate levels of retinol and β-carotene increased the odds ratio for the occurrence of OW, obesity class I (OI) and OII, as well as inadequate WC. Conclusion: even with recommended intake of vitamin A, we found a biochemical and functional inadequacy of vitamin A nutritional status, associated with overweight, obesity and body adiposity

Introducción: la evidencia indica que la vitamina A esta involucrada en la regulación de la masa grasa. Un bajo consumo de vitamina A ha sido reportado en individuos con obesidad, ya que tienen concentraciones mas bajas de esta vitamina que los individuos eutróficos a pesar de que su ingesta dietética de vitamina A no es significativamente diferente. Objetivo: investigar el estado nutricional de la vitamina A y su asociación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la grasa corporal en las mujeres que tienen la ingesta dietética recomendada de vitamina A. Métodos: estudio transversal con 200 mujeres, emparejado por edad y por la ingesta dietética de vitamina A recomendada. Se dividieron en cuatro grupos, de acuerdo con el IMC. Los datos antropométricos fueron evaluados (peso, índice de masa corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura [CC]), así como el diagnostico de ceguera nocturna (CN). Se midieron los perfiles lipídicos y glicémicos. Los puntos de corte para la deficiencia de las concentraciones séricas de retinol y β-caroteno fueron < 1,05 μmol/l y 40 μg/dl, respectivamente. La ingesta dietética recomendada de vitamina A fue de 700 μg/día. Resultados: hubo una disminución significativa de las concentraciones de retinol según el IMC (p < 0,001) y CC (p < 0,001). Se observo un comportamiento similar del β-caroteno (p = 0,005, p < 0,001). Encontramos NB en el 7,5% de los casos con sobrepeso (OW) y el 20,0% de los casos con obesidad clase II (OII), y no encontramos alteración funcional en la UE. Niveles inadecuados de retinol y (R)-caroteno aumentaron la odds ratio para la ocurrencia de OW, obesidad clase I (OI) y OII, al igual que los niveles insuficientes de CC. Conclusión: incluso con la ingesta recomendada de vitamina A, encontramos una deficiencia bioquímica y funcional del estado nutricional de vitamina A asociada al sobrepeso, la obesidad y la adiposidad corporal

Vitamin D and its relation with ionic calcium, parathyroid hormone, maternal and neonatal characteristics in pregnancy after roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate vitamin D nutritional status and its relation with ionic calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), maternal anthropometry and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women who previously underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS: In a clinic specialized in obesity control located in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), the following information were collected for adult women who underwent RYGB before pregnancy: serum concentrations of vitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium and PTH per gestational trimester and data on maternal anthropometry, gestational intercurrences and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: The present study included 46 post-RYGB pregnant women. The prevalence of pregnant women with deficiency (≤20 ng/mL) or insufficiency (≥21 and 29 ng/mL) of vitamin D was above 70% in all trimesters. The prevalence of calcium deficiency was 15.2% in the first and in the second trimesters and 20% in the third trimester, while the prevalence of excess PTH was 19.6, 30.4 and 32.6% in the first, the second and the third trimesters, respectively. In the second and the third trimesters, a significant difference was observed between concentrations of 25(OH)D, and a negative correlation was observed between concentrations of calcium and PTH. Association of 25(OH)D with urinary tract infection (UTI) was found, but there was no association with calcium, PTH, maternal anthropometry, type of delivery and weight and gestational age at birth CONCLUSIONS: The post-RYGB pregnant women showed an elevated serum inadequacy (deficiency or insufficiency) of 25(OH)D during pregnancy. Maternal vitamin D status showed no association with maternal variables, except UTI, and the neonatal variables analyzed.